http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gdpmr.2023(VI-II).11
10.31703/gdpmr.2023(VI-II).11
Published : Jun 2023
Hate Speech through Social Media: A Systematic Review
Hate speech is a complicated concept and there is no locally recognized definition for it in Pakistan. But there are some academic publications and court precedents that tell us about what comes in the ambit of ‘hate speech’. According to them any danger and damage caused by certain forms of expressions have been globally acknowledged in defining hate speech. Our study explores existing research findings by using systematic review analysis on how social media may or may not create an opportunity for online hate speech and which kind of hate speech is mostly being disseminated on social media. A sample of 20 studies out of a total of 50 research papers found in the searches was analyzed that discussed online hate speech from 2015 to 2020. The reviewed studies
provide exploratory data about reasons for hate speech happening on social media and how social media make space for hate speech and cyber hate. The findings of this study provide recommendations to counter hate speech on social media.
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Hate Speech, Cyber Hate, Social Media
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(1) Shanza Khan
MS Scholar, Department of Media and Communication Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Riaz Khan
English Language Instructor, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia.
(3) Muhammad Junaid Ghauri
Lecturer, Department of Media and Communication Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Cite this article
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APA : Khan, S., Khan, M. R., & Ghauri, M. J. (2023). Hate Speech through Social Media: A Systematic Review. Global Digital & Print Media Review, VI(II), 175-182. https://doi.org/10.31703/gdpmr.2023(VI-II).11
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CHICAGO : Khan, Shanza, Muhammad Riaz Khan, and Muhammad Junaid Ghauri. 2023. "Hate Speech through Social Media: A Systematic Review." Global Digital & Print Media Review, VI (II): 175-182 doi: 10.31703/gdpmr.2023(VI-II).11
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HARVARD : KHAN, S., KHAN, M. R. & GHAURI, M. J. 2023. Hate Speech through Social Media: A Systematic Review. Global Digital & Print Media Review, VI, 175-182.
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MHRA : Khan, Shanza, Muhammad Riaz Khan, and Muhammad Junaid Ghauri. 2023. "Hate Speech through Social Media: A Systematic Review." Global Digital & Print Media Review, VI: 175-182
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MLA : Khan, Shanza, Muhammad Riaz Khan, and Muhammad Junaid Ghauri. "Hate Speech through Social Media: A Systematic Review." Global Digital & Print Media Review, VI.II (2023): 175-182 Print.
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OXFORD : Khan, Shanza, Khan, Muhammad Riaz, and Ghauri, Muhammad Junaid (2023), "Hate Speech through Social Media: A Systematic Review", Global Digital & Print Media Review, VI (II), 175-182
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TURABIAN : Khan, Shanza, Muhammad Riaz Khan, and Muhammad Junaid Ghauri. "Hate Speech through Social Media: A Systematic Review." Global Digital & Print Media Review VI, no. II (2023): 175-182. https://doi.org/10.31703/gdpmr.2023(VI-II).11